A large, invasive amphibian species native to Central and South America, known for its toxic skin secretions and ability to rapidly colonize new environments.
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Ecology & Habitat
Habitat
Adaptable to diverse ecosystems including tropical and subtropical forests, grasslands, agricultural areas, urban landscapes, and wetlands across multiple continents
Ecological Role
Significant invasive species causing substantial ecological disruption, predating native species and outcompeting indigenous amphibians and reptiles
Morphology
SKIN COATDry, warty skin with pronounced glandular structures, typically brown to olive-green coloration
LIMBS WINGSMuscular, short limbs with distinctive webbed feet for terrestrial and limited aquatic locomotion
HEAD SENSORYLarge parotoid glands behind eyes, capable of secreting potent neurotoxic bufotoxin as defensive mechanism
BODY STRUCTURERobust, stout-bodied toad with adult length ranging 10-25 cm, weight between 75-250 grams
