A medium-sized toad native to western North America, characterized by its robust body and terrestrial lifestyle, widely distributed across diverse ecosystems from coastal regions to alpine environments.
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Ecology & Habitat
Habitat
Found in varied landscapes including coniferous forests, meadows, alpine regions, and mountain ranges from Alaska to California, preferring moist environments near water sources such as streams, ponds, and wetlands
Ecological Role
Critical ecosystem engineer that controls insect populations, serves as prey for predators, and acts as a bioindicator for environmental health and climate change impacts
Morphology
SKIN COATDry, warty skin with color variations from olive-green to brown, featuring distinctive light-colored dorsal stripe
LIMBS WINGSShort, robust limbs with muscular hindlimbs adapted for terrestrial and semi-aquatic locomotion, webbed toes for swimming
HEAD SENSORYBroad, triangular head with prominent parotoid glands, large eyes with horizontal pupils, capable of secreting defensive toxins
BODY STRUCTUREStocky body, typically 5-13 cm in length, with a weight ranging from 20-90 g, dorsal surface with distinct wart-like glands
Data Source: TaxonHub Database
Image Credit: USFWS - Pacific Region
