A neotropical amphibian species belonging to the Bufonidae family, endemic to specific regions of South America, characterized by its robust body and granular skin texture.
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Ecology & Habitat
Habitat
Tropical and subtropical forest ecosystems, primarily found in humid montane regions with dense vegetation and proximity to water sources, typically at elevations between 500-2,000 meters above sea level.
Ecological Role
Critical component of ecosystem biodiversity, serving as both predator and prey in complex tropical food webs, contributing to insect population control and functioning as a bioindicator of environmental health.
Morphology
SKIN COATThick, warty skin with granular texture, primarily brown or grayish coloration with darker mottled patterns, providing camouflage and protection
LIMBS WINGSRobust, muscular limbs with specialized toe pads for terrestrial and semi-aquatic locomotion, powerful hindlimbs adapted for jumping
HEAD SENSORYBroad, flattened head with prominent parotoid glands, large eyes with horizontal pupils, well-developed tympanic membrane for acoustic perception
BODY STRUCTUREStout, medium-sized toad with dorsal surface covered in prominent granular protrusions, body length ranging 5-8 cm, weight approximately 20-40 grams
Data Source: TaxonHub Database
Image Credit: Luis Alberto Rueda-Solano, Ana María Ospina-L, Giovanni Chaves-Portilla, Fernando Vargas-Salinas y Khristian Venegas-Valencia
