Bufo spinosus is a large amphibian species endemic to the Iberian Peninsula and parts of North Africa, characterized by its robust body and warty skin texture.
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Ecology & Habitat
Habitat
Inhabits diverse environments including temperate forests, Mediterranean scrublands, grasslands, and near freshwater bodies such as streams, ponds, and wetlands across southwestern Europe and northwestern Africa.
Ecological Role
Plays a critical role in ecosystem balance by controlling insect populations and serving as prey for predators like birds, snakes, and small mammals.
Morphology
SKIN COATRough, warty skin with variable coloration ranging from grayish-brown to olive-green with darker mottling
LIMBS WINGSRobust limbs with muscular hind legs adapted for jumping, four-toed feet with partial webbing
HEAD SENSORYBroad head with prominent parotoid glands, large eyes with horizontal pupils, and distinct tympanum
BODY STRUCTURELarge, stout-bodied toad measuring 12-15 cm in total length, with males typically smaller than females
Data Source: TaxonHub Database
Image Credit: Markéta Maky-Orel Machová
