A small migratory passerine bird characterized by its brown upperparts, white underparts, and distinctive forked tail, known for nesting in sandy riverbanks and cliff faces.
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Ecology & Habitat
Habitat
Widespread across Europe, Asia, and North America near rivers, lakes, coastal areas, and agricultural landscapes with exposed sandy or earthen banks for breeding
Ecological Role
Critical insectivore that controls insect populations, serves as prey for raptors, and acts as an indicator species for ecosystem health and environmental changes
Morphology
SKIN COATBrown dorsal plumage, white ventral plumage with distinctive brown breast band
LIMBS WINGSLong, pointed wings enabling agile flight, short legs with adaptations for perching and clinging to vertical surfaces
HEAD SENSORYSmall, rounded head with large eyes, short beak optimized for catching aerial insects
BODY STRUCTURESmall bird, approximately 11-13 cm in length, weighing 10-20 g, with streamlined body adapted for aerial foraging
