A small North American sparrow species widely distributed across forests, woodlands, and mountain regions, known for its distinctive slate-gray or brown plumage and white outer tail feathers.
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Ecology & Habitat
Habitat
Coniferous and mixed forests, mountain ranges, forest edges, and woodland margins across North America, ranging from Alaska to the southern United States
Ecological Role
Crucial seed disperser, insect population controller, and important prey species for medium-sized predators in forest ecosystems
Morphology
SKIN COATDense feather coat with variations including slate-gray, brown, and white color morphs, providing camouflage and thermal regulation
LIMBS WINGSRelatively short legs, strong for ground foraging, wings rounded and suitable for short-distance flight and quick maneuvers
HEAD SENSORYRelatively large dark eyes, short conical beak adapted for seed and insect consumption, well-developed auditory and visual capabilities
BODY STRUCTURESmall passerine bird, approximately 14-16 cm in length, weighing 18-30 grams, with compact body and rounded head
Data Source: TaxonHub Database
Image Credit: Paul Danese
