A highly adaptable, medium-sized passerine bird native to Europe, known for its remarkable intelligence, complex vocalizations, and successful global invasive distribution.
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Ecology & Habitat
Habitat
Highly adaptable; found in urban, suburban, agricultural, and woodland environments across Europe, Asia, North America, and introduced regions worldwide. Thrives in areas with open landscapes and human-modified ecosystems.
Ecological Role
Significant seed dispersal agent, pest control through insectivorous diet, and a key component of avian ecosystems. Demonstrates remarkable social behavior and collective intelligence in large murmuration formations.
Morphology
SKIN COATIridescent black plumage with white speckles during breeding season, changing to dark brown with white spots in winter. Feather structure provides excellent thermoregulation.
LIMBS WINGSStrong legs with sharp claws for ground foraging. Broad, triangular wings enabling rapid, agile flight and complex aerial maneuvers.
HEAD SENSORYSharp, pointed yellow beak adapted for probing ground and catching insects. Keen vision and complex auditory capabilities enabling sophisticated communication.
BODY STRUCTURECompact, robust passerine bird, approximately 20-22 cm in length, weighing 70-100 g. Streamlined body with short tail and triangular wings for agile flight.
