A small passerine bird native to western mountain ranges of North America, characterized by distinctive black and white plumage and gregarious behavior.
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Ecology & Habitat
Habitat
Coniferous and mixed forest ecosystems at elevations between 1,200-3,500 meters, primarily in mountain ranges of western United States including the Rocky Mountains, Sierra Nevada, and Cascade Range.
Ecological Role
Critical seed disperser, insect population controller, and indicator species for forest ecosystem health. Plays significant role in seed caching and forest regeneration processes.
Morphology
SKIN COATDense, insulating plumage with gray-white-black coloration providing camouflage and thermal regulation in mountain environments.
LIMBS WINGSShort, sturdy legs suitable for branch hopping. Rounded wings enabling agile flight through dense forest canopies.
HEAD SENSORYDistinctive black cap and white cheek patches, large eyes adapted for forest understory foraging, sharp beak for insect extraction.
BODY STRUCTURECompact body, approximately 12-14 cm in length, weighing 10-12 grams. Robust for its size with strong adaptations to high-altitude environments.
Data Source: TaxonHub Database
Image Credit: GlacierNPS
